Saturday, December 5, 2009

What are some events that happened during the Egyptian Old Kingdom?

For my social studies, I need to find 10 significant events of the Old Kingdom and place them on a timeline in the correct chronological order.



I've been looking every online but I can't find anything.



Either give me a great webiste with correct dates or facts (with dates) about the Old Kingdom



What are some events that happened during the Egyptian Old Kingdom?sheet music



The Beginning: Third Dynasty



The first notable pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was Djoser (2630鈥?611 BC) of the Third Dynasty, who ordered the construction of a pyramid (the Step Pyramid) in Memphis' necropolis, Saqqara. An important person during the reign of Djoser was his vizier, Imhotep.



It was in this era that formerly independent ancient Egyptian states became known as nomes, ruled solely by the pharaoh. Subsequently the former rulers were forced to assume the role of governors or otherwise work in tax collection. Egyptians in this era worshiped their pharaoh as a god, believing that he ensured the annual flooding of the Nile that was necessary for their crops. Egyptian views on the nature of time during this period held that the universe worked in cycles, and the Pharaoh on earth worked to ensure the stability of those cycles. They also perceived themselves as a specially selected people, "as the only true human beings on earth".[1]



Golden Age: Fourth Dynasty



The old K and its royal power reached their zenith under the Fourth Dynasty, which began with Sneferu (2575鈥?551 BC). Using a greater mass of stones than any other pharaoh, he built three pyramids: a now collapsed pyramid in Meidum, the famous Bent Pyramid in Dahshur (another failure), and the small Red Pyramid, also in Dahshur.



Sneferu was succeeded by his son, Khufu (2589 - 2566 BC) who built the Great Pyramid of Giza. Later Egyptian literature describes him as a cruel tyrant, who imposed forced labor on his subjects to complete his pyramid. After Khufu's death his sons Djedefra (2528鈥?520 BC) and Khafra (2520鈥?494 BC) may have quarreled. The latter built the second pyramid and (in traditional thinking) the Sphinx in Giza. Recent reexamination of evidence has suggested that the Sphinx may have been built by Djedefra as a monument to Khufu.[citation needed]



The later kings of the Fourth Dynasty were king Menkaura (2494鈥?472 BC), who built the smallest pyramid in Giza, and Shepseskaf (2472鈥?467 BC).



Decline and collapse: Fifth 鈥?Eighth Dynasties



The Fifth Dynasty began with Userkhaf (2465鈥?458 BC), who initiated reforms that weakened the Pharaoh and central government. After his reign civil wars arose as the powerful nomarchs (regional governors) no longer belonged to the royal family. The worsening civil conflict undermined unity and energetic government and also caused famines. But regional autonomy and civil wars were not the only causes of this decline. The massive building projects of the Fourth Dynasty had exceeded the capacity of the treasury and populace and, therefore, weakened the Kingdom at its roots.



The final blow was a severe drought in the region that resulted in a drastic drop in precipitation between 2200 and 2150 BC, which in turn prevented the normal flooding of the Nile.[2] The result was the collapse of the Old Kingdom followed by decades of famine and strife. An important inscription on the tomb of Ankhtifi, a monarch during the early First Intermediate Period, describes the pitiful state of the country when famine stalked the land.

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